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Red Light Therapy 101

Alyson and Dr. Abby Kramer offer the clearest, most accessible introduction to red light therapy you’ll find. Starting from first principles — what photobiomodulation actually means, how it differs from heat therapy, and why light is not a new biohack but something our biology has depended on since the beginning of human existence — this episode answers the most common questions people have when they first encounter red and near-infrared light therapy.

The conversation covers how LED devices differ from lasers (and why that’s mostly a good thing for home use), the Goldilocks principle of intensity (too little doesn’t work, too much causes photo inhibition, and the sweet spot is closer to what the sun actually produces than what most brands market), and the cascade of benefits that flow from cellular energy: improved circulation, collagen and elastin production, and modulated inflammation. Alyson’s framing is practical — these are the building blocks of your body’s natural healing environment, which is why red light therapy has published research on conditions as varied as Parkinson’s, thyroid health, skin aging, and blood sugar regulation.

Dosing guidance is clear: 10–20 minute sessions, three to five times per week, with effects lasting 24–48 hours post-session. The episode also covers where to use it (head, face, gut, reproductive health), safety for kids and pets, and what contraindications actually matter. If you’re new to red light therapy or trying to explain it to someone else, start here.

 

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Transcript

Alyson: Hi, everybody. I'm Alyson, owner and co-founder of Fringe, and I'm here today with Abby, our medical director. We both have a background as medical providers and somehow have found ourselves working together every day, in an absolute out-of-necessity attempt to help people navigate feeling better. In our journey doing so, we've found ourselves making all sorts of cool products that we wish existed and didn't. Today we're talking about red light therapy — and I'm pretty sure Abby's going to ask me all sorts of questions. I'm not in clinical practice anymore, but Abby still is and gets lots of feedback utilizing our products with her patients throughout the week. So here we are, a couple of people on the medical team at Fringe talking about red light.

Abby Kramer: A good place to start is: most people have heard of red light therapy, it's a buzz term. But the next question is always — what is it? People are like, I've heard of that, I've seen people with those big panels on Instagram, but what actually is red light therapy?

Alyson: Red light therapy specifically is the use of both red and near-infrared light to affect our biology. That's what it is. It's not a heat therapy — which some people think it is — it's actually a light therapy used to affect our biology. In the science world, the term is photobiomodulation: photo means light, bio means biology, and modulation means making changes. The interesting thing about light therapy is that there are so many different forms of light we receive from the sun, and we're really just now learning about all the different types and their health benefits. For the past 50 years we mostly focused on damage from the sun. We didn't really understand that all these different types of light are critical — literally critical to our survival. Plants, animals, and humans require the sun. There is no replacement for it. You can't go to the gym more or eat more vegetables to replace the lack of light you're getting. Red light therapy is popular right now and it will continue to be popular — but what people don't know is it's really not new. It's been around for decades, 50 or 60 years of published research. It's just that only in the past five, six, seven years have consumers had access to use red light therapy at home. Before that, you had to go into a clinic — a physical therapist, chiropractor, or medical spa — where you'd receive red and near-infrared light via laser for hundreds of dollars a session. Now technology has advanced and we have access in our homes. Everything we make at Fringe is trying to make it accessible, help people understand why they would use it — and light is not something we need once a month at a doctor's office. It's something we need.

Abby Kramer: Can you talk about the difference between what Fringe produces — the panels, the wraps — and laser? There's still so much confusion. People assume laser is better, more effective. What does that actually mean?

Alyson: Light travels to us on wavelengths — think of them as tiny balls of energy traveling on these pathways. Short wavelengths produce some of the colors of light we see from the sun, like blues and purples. As you move up the rainbow, you get into longer wavelengths. Red is a moderate wavelength; near-infrared is bigger still; and then far infrared beyond that. A laser is very narrow — literally like a laser pointer — very specific, very high powered, higher penetration, used in short periods of time. LED lights are much more similar to how the sun produces a wavelength: a range, not one specific point. This is where it gets frustrating in the industry. People say you have to use a specific wavelength for a specific condition, but that is not how the sun works. On our products, we list a peak wavelength, but the actual range is broader — and that's what's natural and effective. Near-infrared light is even more confusing because you can't see it. If you turned on near-infrared only, you'd see nothing but feel a gentle warmth. Red and near-infrared have very similar effects in the body — red is more superficial, near-infrared penetrates deeper. Laser is high intensity, specific wavelength, short sessions, used clinically. LED is a range of wavelengths, longer sessions, used frequently — every day is fine, very safe at home. Our philosophy at Fringe is to make it like the sun. About half of the sun's light is in the red and near-infrared category, and our approach to intensity reflects that. More is not better here.

Abby Kramer: That intensity conversation is so important. A lot of competitors push high intensity heavily — medical strength, medical grade. That plays to the American instinct that more is better. People assume high intensity means higher quality. But our message is different.

Alyson: With light, there is a Goldilocks window. Too low of an intensity won't have an effect. The medium, just-right intensity will have the best effect. And too high of an intensity results in photo inhibition — the effect is negated. So going out and buying the highest-powered device is not how your body responds, which should actually make intuitive sense. It's like exercise: a mile walk is great, two miles, three miles, but you can't just run a marathon on day one. The high-intensity marketing is also largely inaccurate — when you actually test many products at the device face or at proper distance with the right tools and third-party validation, they come in at a fraction of what's claimed. Our intensity is 20 to 40 milliwatts per centimeter squared, because that's roughly what the sun produces throughout the day — and that's what the evidence shows people respond best to. We publish our third-party testing, which is still rare in the industry. At the end of the day, we want people using a really safe and effective product.

Alyson: There was also a period where everyone was standing in front of these giant panels naked and they were hanging on the back of their doors for $2,000. I bought one and stood there and thought, this isn't it. Because here's the thing: all the science says the best way to absorb light is for it to be in direct contact with your skin. With a mega panel at a distance, somewhere between 60 and 80% of the light has nothing to do with you — it's traveling through the atmosphere. What you're actually receiving at your skin is still around 20 to 40 milliwatts, same as a wrap. That's what made us start building affordable direct-contact products. A big panel is still amazing — you get a large area of the body, it lights up the room, it's great — but direct contact delivers the same dosage at lower intensity more efficiently.

Abby Kramer: Okay, we need to talk about how red light therapy actually works. You have the wrap on your body, direct skin contact, you're absorbing it — what's going on?

Alyson: To summarize: red light therapy — which is basically half the sun — energizes the cells in our body, and all we are is a walking bag of cells. Cells make up my hair, my skin, all of my organs, my blood vessels, my nervous system, my ligaments, tendons, muscles — everything. When light comes into our body and is absorbed through the skin, it energizes the cell by being absorbed into a compound inside the cell called the mitochondria. And that cell is then energized. The cool part is the cascade of events that follows. When our cells are energized, they do their jobs better. I have cells in my skin called fibroblasts whose job is to make and repair skin and build collagen. Osteoblasts in my bones build bone. When we energize these cells, they just function better. One amazing, well-documented outcome is improved blood flow — increased circulation to an area. Blood is necessary for anything you're trying to heal or restore. Another outcome is that energized cells rebuild and repair, so you see increased collagen and elastin production — which is incredible for skin, but also for joints, and really everywhere in the body, because all tissue needs collagen and elastin for integrity and strength. And the third major outcome is modulation of inflammation — for most people, that's an anti-inflammatory effect, which is absolutely incredible. So when someone asks me whether red light therapy could help X, my answer is always: does X improve with cellular energy, blood flow, reduced inflammation, and rebuilding and repairing? And the answer is almost always yes. That's why we have published research on conditions from Parkinson's to crow's feet to thyroid health to heart disease to blood sugar regulation. After a session, those effects last 24 to 48 hours — markers like nitric oxide can peak six to eight hours afterward. So you don't want to do back-to-back sessions all day. Think of it like exercise: give your body time to respond.

Abby Kramer: And it's not only affecting the exact area where you apply the light — the effects are systemic. That's something we're still at the tip of the iceberg on understanding.

Alyson: Right. The mitochondria float around in your blood, so the effect is systemic. There are studies where they put light on a rat's shin and blood glucose goes down. That's the bigger picture. We've been taught to take our eyes to an eye doctor, our brain to a brain doctor — to think in parts. But putting light through my brain right now is affecting my gut, my endocrine system, my mood, how I'm going to sleep tonight. It's a whole-system effect. And that's really at the root of why we named the company Fringe — as chiropractors, we were always considered the fringe of the medical community. I decided to take that as a compliment. If you're out here talking about things we don't completely understand yet but that are genuinely helping people, that's where growth happens. The old way isn't working — we're sick and getting sicker. So come to the fringe with us.

Abby Kramer: Okay — how to use it. How long, how many times per week?

Alyson: Red light therapy is safe to use every day. We recommend three to five times per week as a guideline. After a session — say I put a wrap over my chest for 20 minutes — the cellular activity happening underneath continues for 24 to 48 hours. Nitric oxide peaks at six to eight hours post-session. So you don't want to do it over and over again in one day, because that's where you tip into photo inhibition. Think of light as a stimulus: give your body time to respond, just like exercise. Our products are geared toward 10 to 20 minute sessions — that's the most evidence-based dosage window. If you're doing it a few times a week and feeling the benefit, you don't need more. For acute conditions, you might reduce time and frequency so you're not overwhelming tissue that's already working hard to heal. For most people, it just becomes a part of their daily routine — put the wrap on at night while watching TV, do it on a Zoom call with the head wrap. Three to five times a week, 10 to 20 minutes. That's red light therapy in a nutshell.

Alyson: Let's talk about where you can use it. Starting at the top: brain health is incredible — cognition, memory, improved blood flow, reduced neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation is at the root of many devastating conditions: Parkinson's, MS, Alzheimer's, dementia, concussion, TBI, CTE — and in younger populations, ADHD and autism. Hair growth is a byproduct of using it on the head — it energizes the hair follicles, which are cells, and they respond accordingly. For the face: light through the face promotes the same outcomes any facial or laser spa treatment does — blood flow, oxygen, collagen and elastin stimulation, reduced inflammation — at a fraction of the cost, used regularly at home. And blue light deserves a mention: blue light from phones and computers is problematic, but we receive blue light from the sun every day, and it's antibacterial, antimicrobial, and excellent for acne, certain skin rashes, oil production, and pore size. One note: blue light is energizing — it stimulates a cortisol response — so if you're very sensitive to light before bed, use it earlier in the day. For the neck and chest: amazing for lymphatics, thyroid, circulation. For the gut, Abby, you want to take that one?

Abby Kramer: If you're going to pick one area to work on, I would argue it's the gut. Gut health is foundational: how we detox, how we absorb nutrients, where most people struggle, the majority of our immune function, the gut-brain axis. Three to five times a week over the abdomen is a great overall wellness practice. And for reproductive health — whatever stage you're at in that process, there are so many mitochondria in our reproductive systems. Whether it's menstrual cramps, fertility, perimenopause, or menopause, a session over the lower abdomen is incredibly supportive: cellular energy, reduced inflammation, increased circulation. I also find it's a beautiful starting point for patients who are very reactive to supplements or other protocols — it's gentle, it supports healing without overloading the system, and results are measurable.

Abby Kramer: Before we wrap up — kids?

Alyson: Kids, pets, elderly — everyone has a range. For kids, reduce time: 20 minutes is long, 10 minutes is better, and for toddlers or infants, even a few minutes is fine. We have adjustable light intensity on all our wraps — 100% and 50% modes — which is great for the younger population. For pets, same thing — reduce time, it's safe and effective. It's everything we just talked about. My kids use it regularly and they ask for it when they're sick.

Alyson: Contraindications: if you cannot safely be in the sun for 20 minutes, exercise the same caution with red light therapy — start slow, reduce time and intensity, go from there. Photosensitivity from medications or medical conditions is the main individual factor to be aware of. Beyond that, we say don't use it over an active cancer site or over the pregnant abdomen, not because we know it's harmful, but because there hasn't been enough research yet. Once there's more published information, recommendations may change. And knowing that red light therapy promotes blood flow to an area, if there's any reason you should not have increased blood flow — like an open wound — that would be an area to avoid. We always recommend talking to your attending physician, and we ensure people that it is very safe, very gentle, and there are so many ways to ease into and control a session. That's red light 101 from Abby and Alyson on the Fringe.

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Last updated: June 24, 2026
Fringe

about the author

Alyson Evans, DC

Has dedicated the last 20 years to mashing up her passions for healthcare and education, alongside pursuing her purpose of building and serving a team. Alyson has helped grow multiple businesses, by prioritizing professional education and product innovation. Up for a new challenge, she found herself asking "What else is possible?" Alyson is the C-CEO and Founder of Fringe, a company grounded by its dedication to improving how we live and how we learn.

The contents in this blog; such as text, content, graphics are intended for educational purposes only. The Content is not intended to substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your healthcare provider.